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倒装句讲解
更新时间:2024-06-08 18:39:12
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倒装句讲解

  倒装句在中文中也经常出现,是一种典型的不按套路来的句子,掌握起来并不容易,可是倒装句能够让你的英语表达变得更加地道,所以这次小编就为大家带来关于倒装句的知识点讲解。

  倒装句知识点

  倒装句主要作用是强调被提前的部分,它是将正常的陈述语序加以变化。

  倒装句可分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种:

  一、部分倒装

  只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。

  如:Only once was John late to class.

  Neither could he see through your plan.

  So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.

  Doesnt her invitation appeal to you?

  二、全部倒装

  将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,谓语动词提前至主语之前,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。

  如:In came a man with a white beard

  Out came his guest

  On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.

  There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.

  倒装句的定义

  一、定义

  主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序(Inverted Order),为了强调、突出等语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分能够恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。

  二、类型

  1、全部倒装

  谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装。

  e.g.There was a drop in the temperature.

  2、部分倒装

  助动词或情态动词提至主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,即为部分倒装。

  e.g. Must you arrive here at 10 am.

  3、否定词提前倒装,否定词用于句首时,句子应进行部分倒装。

  否定词常用的有:

  Not only…(but also),Not until(直到……才),No sooner…(than)(一……就),Never RarelySeldom,HardlyScarcely,FewLittle,NeitherNor (也不),At no time,Under no circumstances(决不),On no account (决不),In no way,其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用。

  e.g. No sooner had I arrived school than it began to rain.

  4、副词提前倒装

  副词提至句首引起倒装,可分以下几种情景:

  only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前,必须部分倒装。

  e.g. Only in this way can you solve the problem

  often, such, so等副词提前,部分倒装。注意,so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”

  e.g. California relies heavily on ine from crops, and so does Florida

  neither,nor的倒装

  e.g. He cant dance, neithernor can I

  in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前,全部倒装。

  倒装句的意义

  (一)倒装句的意义

  1、适应必须的语法结构的需要,主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。

  e.g. May I e in?

  Was the Peoples Liberation Army founded in 1927?

  2、为了强调某一部分,而把这部分放到句首,构成倒装。

  e.g. Never have I been late for school this term。

  So early did he e to school that no other students came

  (二)倒装的使用情景

  1、在 “there be” 结构里,there是引导词,主语在be后。

  e.g. There is a box on the table

  2、在疑问句中。

  e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?

  What does your mother do?

  3、在here, there等副词开头的某些句子里(要用一般此刻时态)。如果主语是人称代词,主语和主要动词的词序不变。(完全倒装)

  e.g. There goes the bell

  Here is an apple for you

  There she es

  4、重复倒装句型,用在以so, nor, neither开头,表示谓语所述的情景也适用于另一个人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句,表示“也一样”、“也这样”;nor, neither用于否定句,表示“同样也不,也不这样”。

  e.g. I am watching TV. So is she

  My parents didnt watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.

  5、直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,主句中的主谓也常直接倒装。(完全倒装)

  e.g. “Very well,” said the French student.

  “Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he.

  6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副词开头的句子中,采用部分倒装。如不放在句首就不要倒装。

  e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.

  Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.

  比较:I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.

  7、用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中。倒装句讲解

  e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk。

  Only in this way can we learn English well.

  注意:如果only后的词组不是状语,不需倒装。

  e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this.

  8、为了表达生动,有时把表地点、方位的副词,如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首,同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。若主语为人称代词,主语和谓语动词的位置不变,只将副词放在句首。(完全倒装)

  e.g. Away hurried the boy.

  Out rushed the girl.

  9、as引导让步状语从句时要倒装(形容词 副词 名词 动词 + as + 主语 + 谓语)。

  e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me.

  Child as he is, he seems to know everything.(child前不加冠词)

  Hard as he worded, he made little progress.

  10、在虚拟结构中,条件从句的谓语包含were, had 和should这三个词是,可省去if,将这些词移至主语之前。

  e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you.

  Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

  Should he e (=If he should e), tell him to ring me up.

  11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

  e.g. May you succeed!

  Long live the Peoples Republic of China!

  12、So + 形容词、副词及such 置于句首时要倒装。

  So happy did he feel.Such was me.

  学习倒装句的方法提炼

  掌握倒装句的关键在于记住哪些部分需要提前,分清倒装类别。熟记倒装特征与类型。做题方法:一看强调部分,二看主语单复数,三看谓语时态、语态来定助动词。

  第一类:总结全部倒装的条件

  1、句首:表示方位,方向地点或时光的副词或副词短语置于句首且主语是名词的全部倒装

  如:Here es a bus .Here it es(主语是代词的不倒装)。

  Here,there,then,up,down,away,off,in the room,on the wall 等置于句首。

  2、谓语:表示静态存在或动态趋势的动词如:位于(lie)冲(rush)来(e)走(go)跑(run)升(rise)站立(stand)住(live)坐(sit)挂(hang)

  总结公式There (on the wall,in the south of …)+谓语+主语

  第二类:总结部分倒装(半倒装)的条件。

  1、具有否定半否定意义的副词或介词短语放在句首。

  Never , nor ,not ,hardly(几乎不),little ,seldom ,scarcely(几乎不),rarely(少有地),at no time(任何时候决不)inunder no circumstances ,in no case(任何情景下决不)by no means(任何方式决不)on no condition(任何条件决不)等放句首时。

  以及句式:No sooner had sb done sth than sb did sth.(一……就……)

  Hardlyscarcely had sb done when sb did sth. (一……就……)

  2、so或neither或nor表示“也也不”

  句式SoNeitherNor+一般疑问句

  如—You are a student

  —So am I.

  —You aren’t a teacher.

  —NeitherNor is he.

  3、sosuch… that…表示如此… 以至于…

  句式:sosuch…+一般疑问句+that…

  如:He is such a good student that all his classmates admire him

  ——Such a good student is he that all his classmates admire him

  The weather is so fine that all of us want to go outing

  ——So fine is the weather that all of us want to go outing

  4、以hadwereshould开头省略if的虚拟条件句

  句式hadshould +主+谓

  Were+主+其他

  如If I were you(were I you),I should study hand

  If he had studied hard (Had he studied hard), he could have made great progress last term

  If it should rain (should it rain), I would stay at home

  5、only+状语(介词短语。副词和状语从句)放句首,主句需要部分倒装

  句式:only+状语+一般疑问句

  注意:only修饰主语句子不倒装

  Only after the war did he learn the sad news

  Only when he returned did we find out the truth

  Only he can answer the question

  完全倒装句简析

  完全倒装(Full Inversion),又称“全部倒装”,是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前,此结构通常只用于一般此刻时和一般过去时。

  1、将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首加以强调时,其后通常用倒装语序

  e.g. Around the lake are some apple trees.

  湖的四周有些苹果树。

  * 在表语置于句首的倒装结构中,要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语坚持一致,而不是与位于句首的表语坚持一致。

  2、以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等方向性副词开头的句子,且句子主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装,当主语为代词,则不用倒装。

  e.g. Here es the postman

  邮递员来了。

  3、There be +主语 + 地点或时光状语

  e.g. There are some birds singing in the tree

  一些鸟儿在树上唱歌。

  There was a girl stood on the table

  有一个女孩站在桌上。

  部分倒装句简析

  一、否定词提前

  常见的否定词有Not only…but also,HardlyScarcely…when,No sooner… than等等。

  e.g.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her

  No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her

  Not only you but also I am fond of music

  二、so,neither,nor作部分倒装

  e.g.Tom can speak French. So can Jack

  She wont go to that university, neither will I

  三、only在句首

  e.g. Only in this way can you answer the question

  四、由as, though 引导

  e.g. Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily

  五、here,there引导的部分倒装句中,当主语是代词时,就要用部分倒装句。

  e.g. Here we are.

  好了以上就是需要使用部分倒装句的五种情景,大家都掌握了吗?倒装句虽然难,但一旦学好了,你的英语表达就会更加地道,在口语考试中是加分点哦!期望大家能静下心了,参考例句一点点的理解语法点,逐步深入,相信最终必须会有所收获的。

  英语倒装句的修辞功能

  一、 表示强调:

  倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:

  1、only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

  e.g.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 仅有用这种方法,你才能够解决这个问题。

  e.g.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.仅有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自我犯了个大错误。

  2、not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

  e.g. No sooner had I got home than it be.g.an to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。

  e.g. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

  3、so such……that结构中的so或such位于句首能够构成部分倒装句,表示强调so such和that之间的部分。

  e.g.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

  e.g.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

  以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

  二、 承上启下

  有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧之后先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。

  e.g.They broke into her uncles bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake.

  他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

  e.g. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain.

  我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,并且还会继续是穷光蛋。

  三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛

  在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了资料的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:

  Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。

  再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:

  Out of the bosom of the Air,

  Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

  Over the woodlands brown and bare,

  Over the harvest-fields forsaken,

  Silent, and soft, and slow,

  Descends the snow.

  倒装句之全部倒装

  全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般此刻时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:

  1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,e,go,lie,run.

  There goes the bell.

  Then came the chairman.

  Here is your letter.

  2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

  Out rushed a missile from under the bomber

  Ahead sat an old woman

  注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:Here he es. Away they went

  倒装句之部分倒装

  部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

  1)句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,at no time,in no way,not until… 等。

  Never have I seen such a performance

  Nowhere will you find the answer to this question

  Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room

  当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

  注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。

  I have never seen such a performance

  The mother didn‘t leave the room until the child fell asleep

  倒装句使用情景

  在出现以下情景时,需要使用部分倒装:

  情景一:only修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首;

  如:Only after three operations was he able to walk

  做过三次手术之后,他才能行走。

  值得注意的是,当only修饰主语时,则不倒装。

  如:Only that girl knew how to work out the problem

  仅有那位女生明白怎样解那道题。

  情景二:包含否定意义的副词(never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等)位于句首;

  如:Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man

  我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。

  Little did he realize the danger he faced

  他几乎没有认识到他面临的危险。

  情景三:soneithernor开头的句子,说明前面的资料也适用于后者时,用倒装句“soneithernor+behave助动词/情态动词+主语”。

  如:John cant speak Japanese, nor can Helen

  约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。

  情景四:not only……(but also)……位于句首引导两个分句时,前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装,第二个分句则不倒装。

  如:Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels

  他不但在学校教书,并且还写小说。

  部分倒装(Partial Inversion),又称半倒装句,指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词不发生变化。在许多特定的句型中经常需要使用部分倒装,所以部分倒装的适用情景要多于完全倒装,需要着重记忆。

  中考英语倒装句剖析

  1. 当句首为副词here ,there 且主语为名词时,应用完全倒装。

  Here comes the bus.

  There goes the bell.

  2. only 修饰时间、地点、方式等状语时,应用部分倒装。

  Only in this way can we solve the problem.

  Only when you told me did I know her name.

  注意:如果 only 修饰的不是状语,则句子不倒装。

  Only Uncle Li knows how it happened.

  3. 表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时,肯定倒装用 so + 助动词/情态动词 + 后者,前句事否定,而后面的人也不怎么样时用 neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 + sb。

  He can speak English,so can I.

  If she doesnt go there tomorrow,neither / nor will I.

  注意

  1) so + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 表示前者的主语和后者的主语的情况一样,所谈到的是两个人,意为也是这样

  2) so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词表示前者和后者所指同一人时,说话者表示同意前者的观点,意为的确如此。

  - Li Lei likes sports.

  - So he does and so do I.

  4. 由 not only but also 引起的并列句,若将 not only 置于句首时,该分句应部分倒装, but also 引导的分句不倒装。

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